Free thinker v establishment
Where should authority over ideas sit?
Free thinkerEstablishment
Four arguments, not one scale.
Left and right collapse several different tensions into a single score. Crossbencher keeps four of them separate.
Rooted v cosmopolitan
How much should place shape belonging?
RootedCosmopolitan
National v global
At what level should power be exercised?
NationalGlobal
Conserving v progressing
What should change, and what should be kept?
ConservingProgressing
Free thinker v establishment
This line asks how much weight to give independent judgement and how much to give established expertise, office and convention. Neither end has a monopoly on courage or competence.
Rooted v cosmopolitan
This line asks how strongly place, inheritance and local obligation should shape belonging, set against a more portable sense of identity and responsibility.
National v global
This line asks where political authority should finally sit: within the nation or in rules and institutions shared across borders.
Conserving v progressing
This line asks what reform should preserve and what it should replace. Conserving can include liberal achievements as well as inherited customs.